Alfred c



(No Model.)

A. G. HAFELY.

BOOK BINDING.

,866. Patented Mar. 15, 1892.

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED C. HAFELY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGN OR TO THE KOCH SONS do COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BOOK-BINDING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,866, dated March 15, 1892. Application filed December 4, 1891. Serial No. 413,971- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED O. HAFELY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and State of New York, haveinvented an Improvement in Binding Books, of which the following is a specification.

In the binding of books, especially those adapted to receive scraps or pictures, difficulty has arisen in consequence of the weight of the leaves tending to separate or tear away the fastening that unites the back portions of the leaves with the covers, because in the binding of heavy books it has been usual to apply tapes or a strip of muslin fastened across the back of the leaves, with the ends thereof glued to the inner surfaces of the covers, or else these end portions have been inserted between two thicknesses of pasteboard formingthe covers.

Under all circumstances, both in scrap-books and account-books, the tendency of the weight of the book or the strain in handling the same is to tear the attachment between the back and the inner surfaces of the covers adjacent to the back, so as to cause the one to separate from the other.

The object of my present invention is to connect the back portions of the sheets or leaves that are bound together to the inner surface of the flexible back as Well as to the inner surfaces of the cover, and with this object in view portions of the attaching fabric are permanently glued or fastened to the inner surfaces of the covers adjacent to the back, and other portions of the fabric or tapes are turned in the opposite direction and united to the back itself upon the inner surface thereof, so as to increase the strength of the parts by the connections passing in opposite directions. v

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view representing portions of the back of a book with tapes or hands passing across the back and turned in the opposite directions, as aforesaid. Fig. 2 is a similar view represent-- ing a strip of woven fabric turned in the opposite directions to the tapes for attachment to the inner surface of the back of the book, and Fig. 3 is a sectional diagram in an e11- larged size to illustrate the manner of connecting the respective parts to the covers and back.

The sheets or signatures A are of any ordinary character, and the sewing at2unites the sheets to the cross-tapes B, and with ordinary account-books the sheets C of thick paper or other material folded in opposite directions and intervening between the respective groups of sheets or signatures maynot be made use of; but with albums and scrap-books such intervening folded foundation-sheet thickens the back and allows for the reception of picto res or scraps upon the surfaces of the sheets.

In binding books it is customary to make use of fly-sheets pasted to the inner surfaces of th'ecovers. Such fly-sheets are shown at 3 and 4 as pasted to the coverD, together with a strip of muslin or similar material 5, which is included in and held'by the sewing that attaches to the cross-tapes B one or more of the signatures or groups of sheets.

In Fig. l I have represented the tapes B as comparatively close together, and the ends 6 of the tapes B are to be passed in between the fly-sheets, the strip 5, and the cover; but the ends 7 of the intermediate tapes are turned in the opposite direction, so as to be fastened permanently upon the inner surface of the back E, thereby strengthening the connection between the tapes at the back of the book and the cover of the book, because of the connections of the tapes passing in opposite directions and throwing a portion of the strain upon the back E of the binding.

In Fig. 2 the tapes B are not so close together and the ends 6 of the tapes are passed in between the strips 5 and the covers of the book, as before mentioned; but in place of the ends 7 of the intermediate tapes being bent in the opposite directions and united to the back E of the cover I make use of a strip 10 of leather or woven material perforated for the ends 6 of the tapes B to pass through, and this strip 10 is included in thesewing which unites the end signature or the two end signatures to the back tapes, as represented by the black line 10 in Fig. 3, thereby this strip 10 is firmly held in the binding of the signatures or sheets,

and it is glued to the inside of the back E and holds the bound sheets to the back of the book, so as to distribute the strain upon such sheets to the back of the book as well as to the covers.

In binding books the permanent sewing of the leaves or signatures together with cords or tapes and fly-sheets for attaching to the cover is ordinarily regarded as the binding, and the cords, tapes, or strips that pass across the back and are permanently included in this bindingare fastened at their projecting ends to the cover or incasement.

I do not limit myself to the particular manner in which the tapes or strips that are fastened inside the back of the cover or incasing are permanently secured into the binding before mentioned.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a book-binding, the combination, with the cover, the back, and the sewed signatures or sheets, of tapes passing across the back and included in the sewing and a tape or strip of material also included in the sewing of the signatures and passing from the end signatures upon the inner surface of the back and permanently united to the same, the ends of the tapes and the fly-sheets being united to the cover in the ordinary Hltl111G1',StlbStEl.11- tially as set forth.

2. I11 abook-binding, the combination, with the ordinary sewing and tapes having proj ecting ends for attachment to the covers, of additional tapes or strips permanently connected to the leaves and sewing and turned backwardly and connected to the interior of the back of the cover, substantially as specified.

8. In a boolebinding, the combination, with the ordinary sewing and tapes or strips having projecting ends, of similar intermediate tapes or strips turned backwardly at their ends and connected to the interior of the back of the cover, substantially as specified.

4. In a book-binding, the combination, with the ordinary sewing, of tapes or strips included in the binding of the leaves or signatures together and having projecting ends or edges passing backwardly and attached to the inner surface of the back of the cover, substantially as specified.

Signed by me this 30th day of November, 1891.

A. C. HAFELY.

Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINCKNEY, WILLIAM G. IVIOTT. 

